Background
Domains (Themes)
Indicators
Overall Analysis
The Department of Communities and Local Government commissioned the Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC) at the University of Oxford to update the Indices of Deprivation (IMD 2004) for England. Produced at the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LLSOA - also known as Super Output Areas, SOAs) as a measure of multiple deprivation (with a rank of 1 being most deprived and 32,482 the least deprived), the index is made up of seven Super Output Area level Domain Indices. There are also two supplementary Indices (Income deprivation Affecting Children and Income Deprivation Affecting Older People).
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The IMD 2007 contains seven domains of deprivation, and was constructed by combining the seven transformed domain scores using the weights in brackets:
Income (22.5%)
Employment (22.5%)
Health Deprivation and Disability (13.5%)
Education, Skills and Training (13.5%)
Barriers to Housing and Services (9.3%)
Living Environment (9.3%)
Crime (9.3%)
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Each of the seven domains contains a number of indicators. These indicators (listed below) are 'domain specific' and appropriate for the purpose of measuring major features of that form of deprivation. The IMD 2007 is directly comparable with the IMD 2004, although there have been some minor changes in the indicators included. These changes have occurred in the Health and Income domains. A comparable list is available for information purposes.
Income
a) Income Support
b) Job Seekers Allowance
c) Pension Credit
d) Working Tax Credit
e) Child Tax Credit
f) Asylum Seeker Subsistence and Accommodation Support
Subsets within Income deprivation (but not contributing directly to the IMD):
Employment
a) Job Seekers Allowance Claimant Count
b) Incapacity Benefit Claimants
c) Severe Disablement Allowance
d) 18-24 year olds in the New Deal who are not in receipt of Job Seekers Allowance
e) 25 year olds and over in the New Deal who are not in receipt of Job Seekers Allowance
f) Lone Parents aged 18 and over in the New Deal
Health Deprivation and Disability
a) Mortality Rates - Years of Potential Life Loss (YPLL)
b) Comparative Illness and Disability Ratio
c) Measures of acute morbidity derived from Hospital Episode Statistics
Education, Skills and Training
Sub Domain: Children and Young People
a) Average points score of pupils at Key Stage 2 (end of primary)
b) Average points score of pupils at Key Stage 3
c) Average points score of pupils at Key Stage 4 (GCSE/GNVQ)
d) Proportion of young people not staying on in school or non-advanced further education above 16
e) Secondary school absence rate
f) Proportion of those aged under 21 not entering Higher Education
Sub Domain: Skills
g) Proportion of working age adults (aged 25-54) in the area with no or low qualifications
Barriers to Housing and Services
Sub Domain: Wider Barriers
a) Household overcrowding
b) Homeless households applications
c) Difficulty of access to owner occupation
Sub Domain: Geographical Barriers
d) Road distance to GP premises
e) Road distance to general store or supermarket
f) Road distance to a primary school
g) Road distance to a Post Office or sub Post Office
Living Environment
Sub Domain: The 'Indoors' Living Environment
a) Social and private housing in poor condition
b) Houses without central heating
Sub Domain: The 'Outdoors' Living Environment
c) Air quality
d) Road traffic accidents involving injury to pedestrians and cyclists
Crime
a) Burglary
b) Theft
c) Criminal Damage
d) Violence
Newcastle has 43 Super Output Areas (out of 173) in the most deprived 10% of Super Output Areas in England. Therefore, the index illustrates Newcastle upon Tyne as a relatively deprived City. However, it remains important to note that the City has become less deprived since the equivalent index was produced in 2004, when 53 Super Output Areas were in the 10% most deprived.
Within Newcastle it is evident from the index that some areas of the City are considerably more deprived than others. Traditionally deprived areas include the East and West ends of the City, which fall almost completely within the 10% most deprived areas in England. However, there are also other pockets of deprivation within the City which fall into the 10% most deprived super output areas in England. These include parts of the Fawdon, Kenton and Blakelaw wards as well as small sectors of Denton, Woolsington and Newburn wards.
Conversely, other parts of the City are significantly less deprived. The majority of Dene, East Gosforth, North Jesmond, Parklands and West Gosforth fall within the least deprived group (50-100% range).